The History of Puy city
The Pyu Ancient Cities of Halin, Beikthano, and Sri Ksetra are some of the oldest and most important archaeological sites in Myanmar. Located in the dry zone near the Ayeyarwady River basin, these cities were once centers of the powerful Pyu Kingdoms, which thrived for over 1,000 years—from around 200 BC to AD 900. The Pyu people are among the earliest known settlers to create urbanized societies in Southeast Asia. In recognition of their historical and cultural importance, these sites were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.
The Pyu cities were well-planned and fortified, featuring large walls and moats for protection.
Archaeological excavations have revealed remains of royal palaces, administrative buildings, tombs, and craft workshops where artisans produced pottery, metalwork, and jewelry. The use of advanced construction techniques and urban planning shows the Pyu’s high level of civilization.
Religion played a central role in Pyu life. The discovery of massive brick stupas and temples indicates the strong influence of Buddhism, which was introduced through cultural exchange with India and other parts of Asia. These religious sites not only served as places of worship but also as centers for learning and community gatherings.
Trade was another key aspect of the Pyu kingdoms. The cities were located along important trade routes connecting South Asia, China, and Southeast Asia. This allowed the Pyu to engage in commerce and cultural exchange with neighboring regions, further enriching their society.
Today, visitors to Halin, Beikthano, and Sri Ksetra can explore the ruins that tell the story of one of Southeast Asia’s earliest great civilizations. These sites provide valuable insight into the history, culture, religion, and daily life of the Pyu people, making them essential to understanding Myanmar’s ancient past.